Migration

• Time period: 2016-2020
• Principal investigator: Jenna Hennebry
• Co-investigators and collaborators: Margaret Walton-Roberts; Mikal Skuterud; and Ana Ferrer.
• Community partners: Tara Bedard, Community Co-Chair, Immigration Partnership Region of Waterloo; Lucia Harrison and Ana Luz Martinez, KW Multicultural Centre; and
  Shelly Campagnola, Mennonite Coalition Refugee Support.

Established in 2016, “Building Migrant Resilience in Cities” is a five-year research partnership and a multi-sector collaboration among academics, community representatives, and policymakers. It draws on over 20 years of experience in bringing together a range of key actors working on issues immigration and settlement through CERIS, a leading Ontario network of migration and settlement researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. Our initiative is unique in how it explores the concept of social resilience in the context of increasing immigration in urban areas across the provinces of Quebec and Ontario. The project represents five universities in Quebec and Ontario.

The Kitchener-Waterloo City Network led by Dr. Jenna Hennebry examines the challenges, capabilities and strategies that build social resilience in temporary migrant workers, international students and individuals without status; this project will consider the impacts of gender, levels of precarity and category of entry. We will examine which strategies, resources, networks, motivations and obstacles contribute to, or impede social resilience. The KW City Network also examines institutional resilience of Immigration Service Providers (ISPs) in their support of these and other newcomers to the region.

The project mobilises its activities and research findings to contribute to real change by bringing together renowned researchers and academics, committed community organisations and immigrant and settlement advocates, and key policy makers and influencers in government at all levels to engage in dialogue and encourage action. The project is made possible with support from the Government of Canada’s Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.

• Time period: 2015-2020
• Principal investigator: Suzan Ilcan
• Co-investigators: Kim Rygiel; Feyzi Baban (Trent University); Maissaa Almustafa worked on the project.

This project is funded by the Social Sciences and Research Council of Canada. It examines aid and emergency responses to forced migrant populations. It focuses on precarity of status, space, and mobility, and claiming space and the right to belong through a variety of community initiatives, involving Syrian refugees in Turkey. 

Since 2015, the project investigators have engaged in extensive field research, delivered several conference presentations, and published scholarly articles, including those published in Global Social Policy, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, and International Journal of Borders and Migration. Most recently, they have written a book manuscript, which is currently under review with McGill-Queen’s University Press.

Selected Research Outputs

• Baban, F., S. Ilcan, and K. Rygiel. 2021. The Precarious Lives of Syrians: Migration, Citizenship, and Temporary Protection in Turkey. Montréal and London: McGill-Queen’s University Press. (In Press)
• Ilcan, S., K. Rygiel and F. Baban. 2018. “The Ambiguous Architecture of Precarity: Temporary Protection, Everyday Living, and Migrant Journeys of Syrian Refugees”. International Journal of Migration and Border Studies. 4 (1/2): 51-70.
• Baban, F., S. Ilcan, and K. Rygiel. 2017. “Playing Border Politics with Urban Syrian Refugees: Legal Ambiguities, Insecurities, and Humanitarian Assistance in Turkey”. Movements: Journal für kritische Migrations- und Grenzregimeforschung. 3(2): 81-102.
• Baban, F., S. Ilcan, and K. Rygiel. 2017. “Syrian refugees in Turkey: Pathways to precarity, differential inclusion, and negotiated citizenship rights”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 43 (1): 41-57.
• Rygiel, K., F. Baban and S. Ilcan. 2016. “The Syrian Refugee Crisis: The EU-Turkey ‘Deal’ and Temporary Protection”. Global Social Policy. 16 (3): 315-320.

• Time period: Ongoing
• Migrant Worker Health Project
• Contact: Janet McLaughlin; Jenna Hennebry
• People and partners: The Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers (OHCOW) – Hamilton; Industrial Accident Victims Group of Ontario (IAVGO); Janet McLaughlin, PhD; and Jenna Hennebry, PhD.
• Co-investigators: Donald Cole, MD; Michael Pysklywec, MD; Michelle Tew, RN; and Ted Haines, MD.
• Staff: Andres Furet, MD; Eduardo Huesca; Lisa Stadelmayer; and Pauline O'Connor, PhD.

The aim of the Migrant Worker Health Project is to provide evidence-based educational initiatives that describe the barriers to healthcare and service providers, and facilitate collaborative identification of strategies to increase temporary workers’ access to healthcare services and workers’ compensation.

There are roughly 38,000 temporary foreign agricultural workers (migrant farm workers) who work in Canada each year, the majority in Ontario. Migrant workers are employed on temporary contracts and have no pathway to permanent residency. They work in a relatively high risk industry in which health and safety problems are common, and may go unreported. A growing body of research indicates these workers face many barriers to accessing healthcare and insurance, including language and cultural barriers, social and physical isolation, and fear of loss of employment or forced return to their country of origin.

Drawing on a decade of research, clinical and legal encounters with migrant workers, the aim of the Migrant Worker Health Project is to provide evidence-based educational initiatives that describe these barriers to healthcare and service providers, and facilitate the identification of collaborative of strategies to increase workers’ access to healthcare services and workers’ compensation. The project was funded by a research grant from the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) of Ontario.

• Time period: Ongoing
• Contact: Jonathan Crush
• Southern African Migration Programme

One of the critical challenges facing Africa is how to harness the potential of internal and international migration in the interests of development. The Southern African Migration Programme (SAMP) is an international network of organizations founded in 1996 to promote awareness of migration-development linkages in SADC. SAMP conducts applied research on migration and development issues, provides policy advice and expertise, offers training in migration policy and management, and conducts public education campaigns on migration-related issues.

• Time period: Ongoing
• Contact: Jonathan Crush
• Hungry Cities Partnership

By 2020, the urban population of the South is expected to exceed 50% for the first time in history. Over the next 30 years, virtually all of the anticipated 3 billion increase in the human population will occur in cities of the South. By 2030 these cities will absorb 95% of global urban growth, becoming home to 80% of the world’s urban population. Accompanying this urban transition is a growing crisis of food insecurity in cities and city-regions. Even in countries experiencing economic growth, food insecurity is a major challenge.

The Hungry Cities Partnership (HCP) is an international network of cities and city-based partner organizations which focuses on the relationships between rapid urbanization, informality, inclusive growth and urban food systems in the Global South. The HCP aims to provide solutions to the challenge of building sustainable cities, policies and programs that promote food security in cities. The HCP currently operates in China, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Mexico, Mozambique and South Africa.

• Time period: Ongoing
• People and partners: Simon Dalby; Robert McLeman; and Margaret Walton-Roberts.

In 2015, the earth reached the highest temperature ever recorded (NCDC, 2015). The excessive rate of climate change, which far exceeds most scientific forecasts, has had important and often dire consequences for individuals and communities who struggle to respond to natural disasters, depleted natural resources, and food security challenges. Increasingly, individuals have opted to relocate as a survival strategy for adapting to changing environments.

It is estimated that since 2009, one person every second has been displaced by a natural disaster. This has led to an average of 22.5 million people becoming displaced by climate or weather related events since 2008 (IDMC 2015). The droughts in Somalia in 2011, floods in Pakistan between 2010 and 2012, and the earthquake in Nepal in 2015, are only some examples of the natural disasters and slow onsets of climate related crisis that devastate a large number of people; leaving them without shelter, clean water and basic supplies.

The international community is increasingly wary of the potential for climate to cause large scale population displacements and migration in coming decades. As the issue of climate change continues to develop, innovate and in-depth research is required to maintain an international focus on the scientific, political, and policy dimensions of environmentally-related migration and its future challenges.

Research Outputs

• McLeman, Robert A. (2013) Climate and Human Migration: Past Experiences, Future Challenges. Cambridge University Press.
• Video: Book Launch and Panel Discussion for Robert McLeman’s new book Climate and Human Migration: Past Experiences, Future Challenges
  • Participants: Jenna Hennebry; Robert McLeman; Simon Dalby; Alison Mountz; and Gabe Williams.
  • Held on Jan. 31, 2014 at Centre for International Governance Innovation, Waterloo.

• Time period: Ongoing
• People and partners: Jenna Hennebry; Janet McLaughlin; and Sandy Irvine.

According to the ILO, there are 150 million migrant workers worldwide, where 83.7 million are men and 66.6 million are women (ILO, 2015). Labour migration is a phenomenon that is present across the world. The proliferation of temporary worker programs has led to the creation of precarious jobs and ephemeral legal status for temporary migrant workers. Very often, migrant domestic workers face mobility restrictions and abuse due to the uneven power relations between employer and workers in migrant domestic labour schemes. Workers encounter further obstacles including separation from families, lack of social protection, stigma, xenophobia, and racism. These issues are further compounded for undocumented workers as they lack legal status and are denied their rights in destination countries. Agricultural migrant workers in countries, such as Canada, are vulnerable to exploitation as work visa permits are linked to a single employer and migration streams like the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program have no pathway to permanent residence.Often overlooked, the vulnerabilities of temporary and undocumented migrant workers must be further addressed in research projects, policy briefs and policy points dealing with the topic of Labour Migration.

Research Outputs

• Key Issues and Recommendations for Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program.
• Temporary Migration Policy, Trends, and Ontario’s Economy: 2000-2012.
• Video: The Economic Immigrant. (episode of The Agenda with Steve Paikin)

• Contact: Margaret Walton-Roberts
• Time period: 2012-2019
• Contact: Margaret Walton-Roberts
• People and Partners: M. Walton-Roberts; Irudaya S. Rajan (Centre for Development Studies, Kerala, India); Smita Bhutani (Panjab University, Chandigarh, India).

This project examined global nurse care chains (GNCC) with specific reference to the status and international migration of nurses from northern India, particularly Punjab, a region of India with a strong traditional migration relationship with Canada. The research utilized a meso approach to understanding the current transformations occurring within India with regard to nurse training, the changing role of relevant institutions, and how this intersects with household decisions, gender relations and symbolic gender politics. Research findings critically explore the issue of the status of nursing, nurse training and the geographies of migration (both international and internal), and extend recent theoretical debates regarding nursing and its place in the global care chain, as well as how nursing represents an archetypal occupational sector for understanding the feminization of skilled migration.

Qualitative interviews with nursing faculty, government officers, recruiters and employers (181 interview and focus group transcripts) indicated the changing geographies of migration (from circular to permanent migration) and the growing challenges the Indian nursing profession faces in light of education system privatization orientated to overseas market demands. The significance of this research for Canada is that it illustrates how changes in Canadian immigration policy, especially its emphasis on skilled migration and greater human capital investment, intersect with the development of health professional educational systems in India. The implications of more targeted and skilled immigration flows from India results in Canadian professional associations having to create objective and fair methods to assess professional credentials as well as greater efforts to integrate Indian trained nurses into the Canadian health care sector. This research forms part of a larger program of research on transnational feminized skilled migration and global care labour markets.

Publications

Book Chapters

• Walton-Roberts, M., (2020) “The Production of Nurses for Global Markets: Tracing Capital and Labour Circulation. In and Out of Asia.” In Asian Connections: Linking Mobilities of Labour and Capital.  Edited by P. Aulakh and P.F. Kelly.  Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
• Walton-Roberts, M. (2015) “Migration: the mobility of patients and health professionals” In Johanna Hanefeld and Neil Lunt (eds) Handbook on Medical Tourism and Patient Mobility, Edward Elgar. 238-246.
• Walton-Roberts, M. (2015) “Transnational health institutions, global nursing care chains, and the internationalization of nurse education in Punjab.” Migrations, Mobility and Multiple Affiliations: Punjabis in a Transnational World.  In S.I. Rajan, V.J. Varghese, and A.K. Nanda (eds), Cambridge University Press: Delhi.  296-316.
• Walton-Roberts, M. (2014) “European Education Regionalization and its impact on the global migration of nurses.” Territoriality and Migration Management in the E.U. Neighbourhood: Spilling over the Wall. In Margaret Walton-Roberts and Jenna Hennebry, (eds) Springer International Migration Series.49-64.
• Bhutani, Smita, Pradita Gupta and Margaret Walton-Roberts (2013). "Nursing Education in Punjab and its Role in Overseas Migration," in Readings in Population, Environment and Spatial Planning. Sharma, K.D., Mangat, H.S. and Surjit Singh, K. (eds) Institute for Spatial Planning and Environment Research: Panchkula, 203-214.
• Walton-Roberts, M., and Rajan, I.S. (2013) “Nurse emigration from Kerala: ‘Brain circulation’ or ‘trap’?” in India Migration Report 2013 Rajan, I.S., (ed) . Routledge: New Delhi, 206-223.

Peer-reviewed Journal Articles

• Kaspar, H., M. Walton-Roberts, and A. Bochaton (2019). "Therapeutic Mobilities." Mobilities 14, 1: 1-19.
• Thompson, M. (2019). "Everything changes to stay the same: persistent global health inequalities amidst new therapeutic opportunities and mobilities for Filipino nurses." Mobilities 14, 1: 38-53.
• Walton-Roberts, M., (2019) “Occupational (im)mobility in the global care economy” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1592397
• Walton-Roberts, M., (2019) “Asymmetrical therapeutic mobilities: Masculine advantage in nurse migration from India.” Mobilities, 14,1:20-37. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17450101.2018.1544404
• Thompson, M., and Walton-Roberts, M., (2019) “International nurse migration from India and the Philippines: the challenge of meeting the sustainable development goals in training, orderly migration, and healthcare worker retention.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45,14: 2583–2599. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1456748
• Ennis, C., and Walton-Roberts, M. (2018) “Labour market regulation as global social policy:  the case of nursing labour markets in Oman.” Global Social Policy 18,2: 169-188 https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018117737990
• Walton-Roberts, M., Bhutani, S., Kaur, A. (2017) “Care and Global Migration in the Nursing Profession:  A North Indian Perspective.” Australian Geographer 48,1: 59-77 https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2016.1266633. Reprinted in: (2018) Population, Migration and Settlement in Australia and the Asia-Pacific In Memory of Graeme Hugo Edited by Natascha Klocker, Olivia Dun, New York: Routledge. 233-253.
• Connell, J., and Walton-Roberts, M., (2016) “What about the Workforce? The Missing Geographies of Health Care.” Progress in Human Geography. 40(2) 158–176. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0309132515570513
• Walton-Roberts, M., (2015) “Femininity, mobility and family fears: Indian international student migration and transnational parental control.” Journal of Cultural Geography 32, 1: 68-82.
• Walton-Roberts, M. (2015) “The international migration of health professionals and the marketization and privatization of health education in India: From push-pull to global political economy.” Social Science and Medicine 124: 374-382 
• Walton-Roberts, M. (2012) “Contextualizing the global nursing care chain: international migration and the status of nursing in Kerala, India.” Global Networks 12, 2: 175-194.
• Walton-Roberts, M. and J. Hennebry (2012) “Indirect pathways into practice: A comparative examination of Indian and Philippine internationally educated nurses and their entry into Ontario’s nursing profession.” CERIS Working Paper No. 92.

• Time period: 2013-2017
• Contact: Jenna Hennebry
• People and partners: Margaret Walton-Roberts and Jenna Hennebry.

UN WOMEN, the United Nations entity for gender equality and the empowerment of women, enlisted the IMRC to direct this project in collaboration with country offices at the national level in three separate contexts: Mexico, Moldova and the Philippines.

The project explored the vulnerabilities and risks faced by women migrant workers placed in precarious working conditions or facing exploitation and abuse, even as they were seen as agents of development, remitters of earnings and breadwinners.

Publications

• Hennebry, J., Williams, K., and Walton-Roberts, M. (2017). Women Working Worldwide : A Situational Analysis of Women Migrant Workers. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women).
• Hennebry, J. L., Mclaughlin, J., and Grass, W. (2017). Women Migrant Workers’ Journey Through the Margins: Labour, Migration and Trafficking. UN Women.
• Hennebry, J., Holliday, J., and Moniruzzaman, M. (2017). At what cost? Women Migrant Workers, Remittances and Development. UN Women.

• Time period: 2011-2016
• Contact: Jonathan Crush

The Growing Informal Cities (GIC) project focuses on informality and migrant entrepreneurship. With high rates of formal unemployment, the informal economy has emerged as a major source of income and livelihoods for poor urban households. Migrants play a critical role in the informal economy, yet the importance of that role is invisible to researchers and policy-makers. The purpose of the GIC is to examine and profile the “hidden” role of migrant informal entrepreneurship in different Southern African cities. In South African cities like Cape Town and Johannesburg, migrant entrepreneurs come from throughout Africa including Zimbabwe and Mozambique. In Maputo and Harare, most migrant entrepreneurs are local but they structure their businesses around the opportunities afforded by cross-border migration to and from South Africa.

The GIC is generating a comparative body of knowledge about informal migrant entrepreneurs, raising their profile in regional, national and municipal policy debates and effecting positive change in the environment in which they operate. By allowing migrant entrepreneurs to expand and reach their full potential, a major contribution can be made to facilitating inclusive growth through informal entrepreneurship.

The Growing Informal Cities project workshop was funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), is a partnership between SAMP, the African Centre for Cities (University of Cape Town), the International Migration Research Centre (Balsillie School of International Affairs), the Gauteng City-Regional Observatory and Eduardo Mondlane University (Mozambique).

Publications

Mean Streets: Migration, Xenophobia and Informality in South Africa. Ottawa: IDRC, 2015.

• Time period: 2015
• Project authors: Kira Williams, Gabriel Williams, Amy Arbuckle, Margaret Walton-Roberts, and Jenna Hennebry.

Global competition for skilled migration has seen a range of policy options employed to capture full and partial human capital endowments. Immigration policy in many OECD nations now places a premium on migrants with specific skills that are seen as vital to national development, innovation and competitiveness. Nations are in competition for this talent, often reverting to what has been called a ‘citizenship for talent exchange’.

One policy arena emerging in response to this need is in the intersection of migration and education. In Canada, international students have become an increasingly important dimension of the country’s educational and immigration policies. This has led to the development of pathways from educational to working visa status. The area of skilled and high skilled migration examines issues such as the pathways and transitions from study to work visas, international student experiences, brain drain/circulation, knowledge flows, movement of healthcare workers, and more.

This project explored the numbers of international students who came to Ontario between 2000-2012, their socioeconomic status, and outcomes after finishing their studies, as well as the major provincial and federal policy changes that affected student immigration during this time. The study examined international student visa data from Citizenship and Immigration Canada, as well as international student arrival and labour market transition data from Statistics Canada.

Publications

• Williams, K., Williams, G., Arbuckle, A., Walton-Roberts, M., & Hennebry, J. (2015). International Students in Ontario’s Postsecondary Education System, 2000-2012: An evaluation of changing policies, populations and labour market entry processes. Toronto: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.

• Time period: 2012-2015
• Project leads: Jenna Hennebry; Margaret Walton-Roberts; and Jonathan Crush.
• Partners: Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD); United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); and the Swiss Confederation.

Analysts and policy makers have imperfectly understood the links between migration and its impacts on, and potential for, development. Research is now increasingly exploring this relationship, recognizing migrant contributions in countries of origin, transit and destination. There is a growing understanding of transnational practices linking migrants to both receiving and sending societies. This has led to a broader understanding of the potential for migration to positively impact social and economic development both at home and abroad. Migrants often support their families and communities in countries of origin through remittances. Money, goods, and social capital sent home often contribute to the economic and social development of communities and countries. Migrants also play an integral part of the development of host countries by supplementing gaps in labour markets, transfers of skills and contributions to cultural enrichment.

Increasingly, governments in the Global South are turning to their own extra-national diasporic populations in order to boost economic development, build global trade and investment networks, while increasing their political leverage overseas; but this is not without consequences. Our research assesses the various angles and influences of migration on development. We focus on enhancing an international understanding of the potential of migrants at all stages of their journeys, including the implications of remittances, diasporas and development, social and economic costs and benefits and the power dynamics and interests at play.

The area of policy and institutional coherence for migration and development is an emerging field of research and practice. Within the field, there has been considerable focus on how to operationalize coherence from the intra-governmental level, that is, from the perspective of national policy makers. This inclination can be seen in the attention and resources devoted to the exercise of mainstreaming migration into national development planning, for example.

Nonetheless, international coherence has been recognized as equally necessary. The objective of the research paper is to achieve a deeper understanding of inter-governmental coherence through examining bilateral agreements and the level of coherence between them and with development objectives.

Research Outputs

• Jenna L. Hennebry, Will Grass, Gabriel Williams, K. Williams, Abel Chikanda, Margaret Walton-Roberts, Jonathan Crush. (2015). IMRC KNOMAD Report.
• Video Interview: Jonathan Crush on xenophobia and micro-entrepreneurs as targets of violence in South Africa. (from etv news).
• Video: Inside the Issues 2.19: International Migration and Development
  • David Welch and Jonathan Crush. Feb. 22, 2012, in the CIGI studio, Waterloo, Ontario.

• Time period: 2013/14
• Contact: Margaret Walton-Roberts
• People and Partners: M. Walton-Roberts; J. Guo; K. Williams; and J. Hennebry.

This knowledge synthesis project focused on how migrant transition programs (status conversion from temporary to permanent) inform current and future workforce development, with a specific focus on the nursing sector. The project focused on two forms of immigration status transition that the Canadian government enhanced:

• Temporary skilled migrant worker conversion to permanent status; and
• International student conversion to working visas.

The authors examined this in terms of:

• Immigration, training and labour market integration.
• Canadian migration policy change and labour market planning.
• How this relates to the nursing sector in Canada.

Research Outputs

• M. Walton-Roberts, Guo, J., Williams, K., Hennebry, J. 2014. Immigration policy changes and entry to practice routes for Internationally Education Nurses (IENs). SSHRC Knowledge Synthesis Report.
• Video: Nursing shortages and international migration
• Video: Internationally Educated Nurses (IENs) in Canada

• Time period: 2013/14
• Contact: Jenna Hennebry
• People and partners: Jenna Hennebry, Jonathan Crush, Bessma Momani, Alison Mountz, Kim Rygiel, Andrew Thompson, Margaret Walton-Roberts, Abel Chikanda, Kira Williams, Gabe Williams and Will Grass.
• Project Blog: Generating Innovation for the Global Governance of International Migration

The 21st century has seen international migration become one of the most salient issues on public policy and global governance agendas. Most recent estimates suggest there are more than 244 million international migrants (UNFPA 2015). Unlike the movement of capital, goods, and services, international migration is not governed by a single agency within the international system that oversees and addresses all forms of international migration. Rather, there is a complex network of intergovernmental organizations within and outside of the UN that focus on specific aspects of migration.

Most countries play a role in international migration and act either as source, transit, or destination countries. The ways governments respond can have consequences for these countries and for migrants crossing borders. Migrants relocate for education, work, family, safety, and to learn about new cultures and societies. Many migrants support their families and communities through remittances and contribute to the development of both source and destination countries.

Migration and movements take place through regular and irregular channels, such as smuggling or trafficking of persons. Different approaches to governance, varying from UN systems, to regional frameworks and bilateral agreements, extend across internal and external borders. As migration trends continue to change there is an increased need for international cooperation, policies and governance mechanisms to manage the movement of people, ensuring human rights are respected and contributions and impacts are recognized and considered.

This project brings together scholars from the IMRC and the Balsillie School of International Affairs to connect the growing body of empirical research with policy and governance planning and frameworks, and to formulate and recommend improved models for the global governance of migration with an eye to human security and migrant rights. Specific attention is given to understanding how this emerging global governance edifice intersects with Canadian policy frameworks and objectives.

Publication

• Walton-Roberts, M. and J. Hennebry (Eds.) (2014) Territoriality and Migration in the EU Neighbourhood: Spilling Over the Wall. Springer.

Conference

The Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement Conference “Immigration and Settlement: Precarious Futures?” held on May 15 to 17, 2013, brought scholars together to advance innovative and interdisciplinary research from diverse critical and institutional perspectives in the areas of immigration and settlement, international migration, integration, and diaspora and refugee studies.

The conference aimed to integrate theory with practice on international migration issues based on values of inclusion and respect for cultural diversity. It brought together immigration and settlement scholars, graduate students, national, provincial and municipal policy makers, regional non-government agencies, community representatives and IMRC scholars.

• Keynote Panel Presentation Video: Margaret Walton-Roberts
• Keynote Panel Presentation Video: Jenna Hennebry
• Keynote Panel Presentation Video: Jonathan Crush
• Keynote Panel Presentation Video: Alison Mountz
• Keynote Speaker Presentation Video: Irudaya Rajan Part 1 of 3
• Keynote Speaker Presentation Video: Irudaya Rajan Part 2 of 3
• Keynote Speaker Presentation Video: Irudaya Rajan Part 3 of 3